Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukusetyenzwa kwe-laser yoshishino kuye kwasetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe bangena kwizicelo eziphezulu ezifana ne-locomotives kaloliwe, i-aerospace, amandla amatsha, izixhobo zaselwandle, imboni yomkhosi, njl njl. ekhulile, itekhnoloji yekhonkco eliphambili lizalise ngokuthe ngcembe isikhewu, kwaye inani lamashishini aphambili aqalise ukudwelisa, nto leyo eye yabumba ipateni yoshishino.Nangona kunjalo, uphuhliso loshishino luhlala lutshintsha.Ngaphantsi koxinzelelo lweemeko ezahlukeneyo ezintsonkothileyo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, utshintsho olutsha lunokwenzeka kwimarike yelaser.
1, Ukutshintsha ukusuka kwimarike eyongezelelweyo ukuya kwimarike yemasheya
Ukusukela ekuphakanyisweni kwezixhobo zokulungisa i-laser, imfuno yentengiso yasekhaya ibonise umkhwa wokwanda okuqhubekayo.Ukonyuka kwemarike ikakhulu kuvela ekuveleni okuqhubekayo kwemfuno entsha, kulandelwa kukuphuculwa kweemveliso zezixhobo zelaser.Oku kulandelayo kukuphumelela okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe belaser kunye nokuphuculwa kwamandla.
Ukongeza kokumakishwa kwendabuko, ukusika kunye ne-welding, iifom ezintsha ezinjengokucoca i-laser kunye ne-laser welding ngesandla ziye zavula iimfuno ezintsha zezicelo ze-laser kwiminyaka yamuva.Ukongeza, uninzi lwezicelo ezitsha, ezinje ngeebhetri, amandla amatsha, iimoto, izinto ezinxitywayo, iipaneli zokubonisa, izixhobo zococeko, oomatshini bobunjineli, baye bandisa indawo yokusetyenziswa kweelaser, ngaloo ndlela bezisa ukuthunyelwa okutsha.
Ngokubhekiselele kwisixhobo sokusika i-laser, imbonakalo yokusika i-laser ithathe indawo yeepuntshi ezimbalwa zemveli, ukusika amadangatye kunye nokusika imela yamanzi, kwaye kungcono kunokusika iplasma kwiipleyiti ezishinyeneyo, ibe lolona khetho lubalaseleyo.Ukususela ekusetyenzisweni kwe-fiber laser cutting kwi-2011, iphinde ithathe isabelo se-CO2 yokusika i-laser.Ngokunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwamandla e-laser, abasebenzisi bokugqibela balandela ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu, kwaye banesidingo sokuhlaziya izixhobo.Izizathu ezininzi ziye zaqhuba izixhobo zokusika ukuba zikhule unyaka nonyaka, nangaphezulu kwe-30% kwiminyaka ethile.
Namhlanje, ukuthunyelwa ngonyaka kwezixhobo zokusika i-laser yasekhaya kudlule iiseti ezingama-50000.Ngokuqiniswa kokhuphiswano kunye nokuhla kwexabiso leyunithi yezixhobo, iingeniso zamashishini nazo ziye zaxinzelelwa.Ukongeza, imeko yezoqoqosho iye yehla kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo ngenxa yobhubhani, kwaye abavelisi bezixhobo ze-laser bebephantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu lokukhula.Ingabonwa ukuba umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwamanye abenzi bezixhobo uye wanda kwiminyaka emibini okanye emithathu edlulileyo, kodwa ukusebenza kunye neenzuzo azinyukanga kakhulu.Ngo-2022, ii-odolo kumashishini amaninzi ziya kuncipha, kwaye abasebenzisi bokugqibela baya kucutha utyalo-mali lwabo kwizixhobo ezitsha.Izixhobo ezithengwe kwiminyaka emibini okanye emithathu yokuqala kusekude ukuba zitshintshwe.Kunokuqikelelwa ukuba kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi nangakumbi kwisixhobo sokusika i-laser ukufuna ukonyuswa kokuthumela, kwaye imakethi ye-laser iya kungena kwixesha lesitokhwe.
Ngokomthetho wophuhliso lwamashishini, iilaser zasekhaya ngokuthe ngcembe zingena kwixesha elivuthiweyo nelizinzileyo, kwaye iminyaka yesitokhwe iya kuhlala ixesha elide.Ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwezixhobo kunokutsiba kwaye kuqhubeke ukukhula kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwimfuno yolwandiso lweshishini lemveliso.
I-2, Imfazwe yexabiso inyanzelisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezoshishino olunzulu
Ushishino lwe-laser luphuhliswa e-China ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-20.Emva kwe-2012, indawo ye-laser kunye nezixhobo ze-laser ziphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza.Ukususela kumandla amancinci ukuya kumandla aphezulu, bangene kwimfazwe emhlophe eshushu eshushu nganye nganye.Ukusuka kwi-nanosecond pulse laser esetyenziselwa ukumakisha kwi-laser eqhubekayo esetyenziselwa ukusika kunye ne-welding, imfazwe yexabiso le-fiber laser ayizange iyeke.Ukusuka kwi-kilowatt enye ukuya kwi-20000 watts, imfazwe yexabiso iyaqhubeka.
Imfazwe yexabiso eqhubekayo inciphise kakhulu inzuzo yamashishini e-laser.Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, amashishini e-laser angaphandle akwazile ukugcina inzuzo enkulu emalunga nama-50%.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuhla kwexabiso elibukhali kumashishini e-laser asekhaya aseTshayina kukhokelele amashishini e-laser angaphandle kunye namanye amashishini ukuba aphume kwimfazwe yamaxabiso.Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, i-10000 watt laser yayifuna ngaphezulu kwesigidi se-yuan.Namhlanje, i-laser yasekhaya inokuthengwa nge-230000 yuan.Ixabiso lehle phantse ngama-80%.Oku kuncipha kunye nesantya sokunciphisa ixabiso kuyamangalisa.Kwiminyaka emibini yakutshanje, imfazwe yexabiso iguqukele kwimarike ephakathi kunye nephezulu.
Imfazwe yamaxabiso iminyaka emininzi yenze ukuba amanye amashishini aphambili e-laser alahlekelwe yimali.Ngenxa yokungonelanga kwesantya sokusebenza kwezihlanganisi zezixhobo ze-laser ezisezantsi, abanye abavelisi be-laser bakhetha indlela yokunciphisa ixabiso ukuze kugcinwe umthamo wokuthunyelwa kunye nefuthe ekusebenzeni, okwaqinisa ukhuphiswano kwimarike ye-laser.Umyinge womvuzo ophakathi kunye nengeniso eseleyo yeenkampani zelaser yehle kakhulu.Ixabiso leyunithi yeemveliso zelaser belikwitshaneli ehlayo, eyona ngxaki inkulu engenakusonjululwa kushishino lwelaser.
Okwangoku, i-laser ye-nanosecond esetyenziselwa ukumakishwa ayinakuguqulwa, kwaye inzuzo yokuthengisa isethi enye ingaba ngamakhulu ambalwa e-yuan.Ubuchwephesha bokwenene bube lixabiso lekhaphetshu.Phantse akukho ndawo yokunciphisa ixabiso le-1000 watt fiber laser, kwaye umthamo wentengiso kukugcina imveliso kunye nokusebenza kweshishini kwishishini.I-laser yamandla amancinci ingene ngokwenene kwixesha lenzuzo ephantsi, kwaye kuphela amandla aphakathi kunye naphezulu anomda omncinci wenzuzo.
Ngo-2022, ngenxa yempembelelo yobhubhane kuqoqosho lwasekhaya ngokubanzi, imfuno yokulungiswa kwesiphelo ibuthathaka.Ukuze kuhluthwe iiodolo, amanye amashishini amakhulu akulungele ukuthoba amaxabiso, nto leyo izisa uxinzelelo olukhulu kwamanye amashishini amancinci naphakathi.
Amashishini kwintsimi yezixhobo ze-laser anamava afanayo.Njengoko umda wokudibanisa izixhobo usezantsi, amashishini angakumbi ezixhobo ze-laser aye avela, kwaye amashishini amatsha aye avela kuwo onke amaphondo nakwimimandla.Imakethi yemfuno ayisekho kuphela kumashishini ezixhobo eWuhan, iYangtze River Delta kunye nePearl River Delta.Izixhobo zeLaser zikhuphisana ngakumbi kunelases.
Umkhondo wophuhliso lwalo naliphi na ishishini lifana kakhulu.Xa imfazwe yamaxabiso ifikelela esiphelweni, ishishini liya kungena ekudibaneni.Kuqikelelwa ukuba iminyaka emithathu ezayo iya kuba lixesha elibalulekileyo kushishino lwelaser.Ukuba amashishini e-laser anokulibamba ithuba okanye aphule indlela entsha ngokuthembela kwitekhnoloji ngeli xesha, banokuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu kwaye babe ngamashishini akhokelayo kwiinkalo ezahluliweyo.Kungenjalo, baya kushiyeka ngasemva kwaye ekugqibeleni bangakhutshwa kumdlalo wokunkqonkqoza.
3、 Gqibezela ukuphuculwa kweemveliso zelaser ezixhasayo ukuze zithathe indawo yokungenisa elizweni
Ngaphambili, iimveliso zezixhobo ze-laser ezixhasayo zaseTshayina, ezifana ne-laser diode, iintsinga ezikhethekileyo zamehlo, iilensi zamehlo, iilensi zamehlo, iintloko zokulungisa, amaqonga okufuduswa, ukuhanjiswa kwamehlo, i-chillers, isoftware, iinkqubo zolawulo, kunye neemveliso eziphezulu zixhomekeke kakhulu kwiimveliso zangaphandle.Ezi mveliso zikhule ngaphandle kwento eTshayina kwaye ziphuhla ngamandla.Ngokuphuculwa kwamandla esicelo selaser, iimfuno ezintsha zibekwe phambili kwiimveliso ezixhasayo.Amashishini afanelekileyo eTshayina ngokuthe ngcembe aqokelela itekhnoloji kunye namava, kwaye iR&D, itekhnoloji kunye nomgangatho weemveliso ziye zaphuculwa kakhulu, ezithe ngokuthe ngcembe zathatha indawo yeemveliso ezivela kwamanye amazwe.
Kwimeko yolawulo lomda wobhubhane, ishishini laseTshayina lelaser linciphise intsebenziswano phakathi koontanga bamazwe angaphandle kunye nababoneleli, kwaye linqande uphuhliso lwenkxaso yaphesheya kunye nabavelisi bezixhobo eTshayina.Abasebenzisi bathambekele ngakumbi ekukhetheni iimveliso ezixhasayo zasekhaya, ukukhawulezisa inkqubela phambili yokutshintsha iimveliso ezivela kumazwe angaphandle.
Impembelelo yemfazwe yexabiso kwishishini nayo ichaphazela intsimi yokuxhasa iimveliso ze-laser.Ukongeza kumxholo wetekhnoloji ephezulu kunye nokuqinisekiswa komgangatho, iimfuno zokuxhasa amashishini e-laser kwixa elizayo ziya kuthambekela ekuboneleleni ngeenkonzo ezizodwa kunye neenkonzo ezingcono zokuxhasa iimveliso zokuphumelela abathengi kunye nemarike yesiphelo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-28-2022