Into eneempawu zetsimbi kwaye iqulathe iikhemikhali ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu, enye yazo ibe yintsimbi.
Ubhedu oluqulethe ixabiso elithile lezinto ezixutywayo zongezwa ukuze kufumaneke iipropati eziyimfuneko zomatshini kunye nezomzimba.Ii-alloys zobhedu eziqhelekileyo zihlulwe zibe ngamaqela amathandathu, ngalinye liqulethe enye yezinto eziphambili zokuxutywa kwe-alloying: I-Brass - eyona nto i-alloying element yi-zinc;I-Phosphor bronze - eyona nto iphambili yokudibanisa i-tin;I-aluminium yobhedu - eyona nto iphambili yokudibanisa i-aluminium;I-silicon bronze - eyona nto iphambili yokudibanisa i-silicon;i-copper-nickel kunye ne-nickel-silver - eyona nto iphambili ye-alloying yi-nickel;kunye ne-dilute okanye i-alloys ephezulu yobhedu equlethe ixabiso elincinci lezinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-beryllium, i-cadmium, i-chromium okanye isinyithi.
Ukuqina ngumlinganiselo wokuchasana kwesixhobo sokungeniswa komphezulu okanye ukunxiba.Akukho mgangatho upheleleyo wokuqina.Ukumela ngokobungakanani ubulukhuni, uhlobo ngalunye lovavanyo lunesikali salo, esichaza ubulukhuni. ngo-Brinell, Rockwell, Vickers kunye no-Knoop iimvavanyo.Ubulukhuni ngaphandle kwe-indentation bulinganiswa ngendlela eguquguqukayo ebizwa ngokuba yi-Scleroscope test.
Nayiphi na inkqubo yokuvelisa apho isinyithi sisetyenzwa okanye senziwa khona ukunika umsebenzi omtsha.Ngokubanzi, eli gama libandakanya iinkqubo ezifana noyilo kunye noyilo, unyango lobushushu, ukuphathwa kwezinto kunye nokuhlolwa.
Insimbi engenasici inamandla amakhulu, ukumelana nobushushu, ubuchule obugqwesileyo kunye nokumelana nokugqwala.Iindidi ezine eziqhelekileyo ziye zaphuhliswa ukugubungela uluhlu lweempawu zoomatshini kunye nezomzimba kwizicelo ezithile.Amabakala amane alandelayo: CrNiMn 200 series kunye ne-CrNi 300 series type austenitic;chromium martensitic uhlobo, lukhuni 400 series;chromium, non-lukhuni 400 series ferritic uhlobo;I-precipitation-hardable chromium-nickel alloys enezinto ezongezelelweyo zonyango lwesisombululo kunye nokuqina kweminyaka.
Ukongezwa kwizixhobo ze-titanium carbide ukuvumela umatshini wesantya esiphezulu sesinyithi esiqinileyo.Kwakhona kusetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokugquma.Jonga isixhobo sokuQamba.
Ubuncinci kunye nobuninzi bemilinganiselo evunyelwe yi-workpiece size ihluke kumgangatho omiselweyo kwaye isamkelekile.
I-workpiece ibanjwe kwi-chuck, ifakwe kwipaneli okanye ibanjwe phakathi kwamaziko kwaye ijikelezwe, ngelixa isixhobo sokusika (ngokuqhelekileyo isixhobo esisodwa) sondliwa kunye nomjikelezo wayo okanye ekupheleni kwayo okanye ubuso. ecaleni komjikelezo wesixhobo sokusebenza);i-tapered turning (ukudala i-taper);ukujika kwamanyathelo (ukuguqula iidayamitha zobukhulu obahlukeneyo kumsebenzi ofanayo);chamfering (bevelling edge okanye igxalaba);ukujongana (ukusika isiphelo);Ukuguqula imisonto (ngokuqhelekileyo imisonto yangaphandle, kodwa ingaba yimisonto yangaphakathi);ukurhabaxa (ukususwa kwentsimbi eninzi);kunye nokugqiba (ukucheba ukukhanya ekupheleni) .Kwi-lathes, amaziko okuguqula, oomatshini be-chuck, oomatshini abazenzekelayo be-screw kunye noomatshini abafanayo.
Njengobuchwephesha obuchanekileyo bokucubungula isinyithi, i-photochemical etching (i-PCE) inokufezekisa ukunyamezela okuqinileyo, iphinda iphindwe, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi iteknoloji kuphela enokubiza ngokufanelekileyo ukwenza iinxalenye zetsimbi ezichanekileyo, Ifuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu kwaye ngokubanzi ikhuselekile.key. izicelo.
Emva kokuba iinjineli zokuyila zikhethe i-PCE njengenkqubo yesinyithi ekhethwayo, kubalulekile ukuba baqonde ngokupheleleyo kungekuphela nje ukuguquguquka kwayo kodwa kunye nemiba ethile yethekhnoloji enokuthi ibe nefuthe (kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi ziphucula) uyilo lwemveliso. Eli nqaku lihlalutya ukuba zeziphi iinjineli zoyilo ekufuneka zi ndiyabulela ukufumana okuninzi kwi-PCE kwaye uthelekise inkqubo kunye nobunye ubuchule besinyithi.
I-PCE ineempawu ezininzi ezikhuthaza ukutsha kunye "nokwandisa imida ngokubandakanya iimpawu zemveliso ecela umngeni, ukuphuculwa, ubuchwephesha kunye nokusebenza kakuhle".Kubalulekile ukuba iinjineli zokuyila zifikelele amandla azo apheleleyo, kunye ne-micrometal (kuquka i-HP Etch kunye ne-Etchform) ikhuthaza abathengi bayo. ukubaphatha njengamahlakani ophuhliso lwemveliso - hayi nje abavelisi bekhontrakthi engaphantsi - ukuvumela ii-OEMs ukuba zandise obu buninzi kwangethuba kwisigaba soyilo.Ikhono lokuba iinkqubo zesinyithi ezisebenzayo zinokunika.
Ubungakanani beMetal kunye nePhepha: I-Lithography ingasetyenziswa kwi-spectrum yensimbi yobunzima obuhlukeneyo, amabakala, i-temers kunye nobukhulu bephepha. izakhono.
Ngokomzekelo, xa usebenza ne-micrometal's Etching Group, inkqubo ingasetyenziselwa kumaphepha esinyithi amancinci ukusuka kwi-10 microns ukuya kwi-2000 microns (0.010 mm ukuya kwi-2.00 mm), kunye nobukhulu bephepha / ubukhulu becandelo le-600 mm x 800 mm. zibandakanya intsimbi kunye nensimbi engenasici, i-nickel kunye ne-nickel alloys, i-alloys yobhedu kunye nobhedu, i-tin, isilivere, igolide, i-molybdenum, i-aluminium.
Ukunyamezela kwe-Etch esemgangathweni: Ukunyamezela kukuqwalasela okuphambili kuyo nayiphi na idizayini, kwaye ukunyamezela kwe-PCE kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu bezinto eziphathekayo, izinto eziphathekayo, kunye nezakhono kunye namava omthengisi we-PCE.
Inkqubo yeqela le-micrometal Etching Group inokuvelisa iinxalenye ezintsonkothileyo ezinonyamezelo olusezantsi njenge ± 7 microns, kuxhomekeke kwizinto kunye nobukhulu bayo, obukhethekileyo phakathi kwazo zonke ezinye iindlela zokwenza isinyithi. obhityileyo (2-8 micron) photoresist umaleko, eyenza ukuchaneka ngakumbi ngexesha lekhemikhali etching.Ivumela i-Etching Group ukuba ifezekise ubungakanani befitsha encinci kakhulu ye-25 microns, imingxuma esezantsi ye-80 yeepesenti yobukhulu bezinto, kunye nokuphindaphindwa kwedijithi enye yokunyamezelana kwemicron.
Njengesikhokelo, i-micrometal's Etching Group inokusebenza insimbi engenasici, i-nickel kunye ne-alloys yobhedu ukuya kuma-microns angama-400 ubukhulu kunye nobukhulu beempawu eziphantsi kwe-80% yobunzima bezinto eziphathekayo, kunye nokunyamezela kwe-± 10% yentsimbi. kunye nezinye izinto ezifana ne-tin, i-aluminiyam, isilivere, igolide, i-molybdenum kunye ne-titanium engqindilili kune-microns ezingama-400 zinokuba nobukhulu obuphantsi njenge-120% yobunzima bezinto kunye nokunyamezela kwe-± 10% yobukhulu.
I-PCE yesiNtu isebenzisa ukumelana nefilimu eyomileyo eyomileyo, ebeka esichengeni ukuchaneka kwenxalenye yokugqibela kunye nokunyamezela okukhoyo, kwaye inokufikelela kuphela ubungakanani beempawu ze-microns ze-100 kunye ne-aperture encinci ye-100 ukuya kwi-200 yepesenti yezinto eziphathekayo.
Kwezinye iimeko, ubuchule besinyithi bendabuko bunokufikelela ukunyamezela okungqongqo, kodwa kukho imida.Ngokomzekelo, ukusika kwe-laser kunokuchaneka ukuya kwi-5% yobukhulu bentsimbi, kodwa ubukhulu bayo obuncinci bukhawulelwe kwi-0.2 mm.PCE inokufezekisa umgangatho omncinci. ubungakanani besici se-0.1mm kunye nokuvuleka okuncinci kune-0.050mm kunokwenzeka.
Kwakhona, kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo into yokuba ukusika i-laser yindlela yokusebenza yesinyithi “yenqaku elinye”, okuthetha ukuba kubiza kakhulu kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo ezinje ngeeminatha, kwaye ayinakufezekisa ubunzulu/impawu zokukrola ezifunekayo kwizixhobo zolwelo ezinje ngamafutha ezisebenzisa i-etching enzulu. Iibhetri kunye nezitshintshi zobushushu zifumaneka lula.
Xa kufikwa ekukwazini ukuphindaphinda ukuchaneka okuchanekileyo kunye neyona nto incinci yesayizi yeempawu zePCE, isitampu sinokusondela kakhulu, kodwa urhwebo luxinzelelo olusetyenziswa ngelixa kusetyenzwa ngesinyithi kunye nentsalela yeempawu ze-burr. yokunyathela.
Amalungu anesitampu afuna i-post-processing ebiza kakhulu kwaye ayinakwenzeka kwixesha elifutshane ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zentsimbi ezibiza kakhulu ukuvelisa iindawo.Ukongezelela, ukunxiba izixhobo kuyingxaki xa kusenziwa iintsimbi ezinzima, ezihlala zifuna ukulungiswa kwexabiso kunye nexesha.PCE icaciswa ngabayili abaninzi bemithombo yokugoba kunye nabayili beendawo zentsimbi ezintsonkothileyo ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezinqabileyo kunye noxinzelelo, ukunxitywa kwezixhobo zero, kunye nesantya sobonelelo.
Iimpawu ezikhethekileyo ngaphandle kweendleko ezongezelelweyo: Iimpawu ezikhethekileyo zinokuthi zenziwe kwiimveliso ezenziwe kusetyenziswa i-lithography ngenxa "yeengcebiso" ezihambelanayo kwinkqubo.Ngokulawula isicatshulwa esichongiweyo, uluhlu lweeprofayili lunokwaziswa, oluvumela ukuveliswa kweengqungquthela ezibukhali, ezifana nezo zisetyenziselwa iincakuba zonyango, okanye iindawo ezivulelekileyo zokwalathisa ukuhamba kwamanzi kwisihluzo sesikrini.
Isixhobo esinexabiso eliphantsi kunye noyilo lokuphinda-phinda: kwii-OEMs kuwo onke amashishini ajonga izinto ezityebileyo, ezintsonkothileyo kunye nezichanekileyo zentsimbi kunye neendibano, iPCE ngoku iyitekhnoloji yokuzikhethela njengoko ingasebenzi kakuhle kuphela ngeejometri ezinzima, kodwa ikwavumela ubunjineli boYilo yenza uhlengahlengiso kuyilo phambi kwendawo yokwenziwa.
Umba ongundoqo ekufezekiseni oku kukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zedijithali okanye zeglasi, ezingabizi kakhulu ukuvelisa kwaye ngoko ke zitshiphu ukubuyisela nokuba yimizuzu ngaphambi kokuba kuqalwe.Ngokungafaniyo nesitampu, iindleko zezixhobo zedijithali azinyuki ngokuntsonkotha kwenxalenye, leyo ivuselela inguqulelo njengoko abaqulunqi begxininisa ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwenxalenye kuneendleko.
Ngobuchule besinyithi besintu, kunokuthiwa ukunyuka kwenxalenye yobunzima bulingana nokunyuka kweendleko, uninzi lwazo luyimveliso yezixhobo ezibizayo nezinzima. amabakala, onke angenayo impembelelo kwiindleko zePCE.
Ekubeni i-PCE ayisebenzisi izixhobo ezinzima, i-deformation kunye noxinzelelo iyacinywa.Ukongezelela, iindawo eziveliswayo zisicaba, zineendawo ezicocekileyo kwaye azikho i-burrs, njengoko isinyithi sichithwa ngokufanayo kude kube yi-geometry efunwayo.
Inkampani yeMicro Metals yenze itafile ekulula ukuyisebenzisa ukunceda iinjineli zokuyila ziphonononge iinketho zesampulu ezikhoyo kwiiprototypes ezikufutshane, ezinokufikelelwa apha.
Iprototyping yoQoqosho: Nge-PCE, abasebenzisi bahlawula ishidi ngalinye kunenxalenye nganye, oku kuthetha ukuba amacandelo anejiyometri ehlukeneyo anokucutshungulwa ngaxeshanye ngesixhobo esinye.Ikhono lokuvelisa iindidi ezininzi kwimveliso enye ngundoqo kwiindleko ezinkulu. ulondolozo olukhoyo kwinkqubo.
I-PCE ingasetyenziswa phantse kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwesinyithi, nokuba luthambile, luqinile okanye lubhubhile.I-Aluminium idume ngokuba nzima ukuyibetha ngenxa yokuthamba kwayo, kwaye kunzima ukuyisika ngelaser ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezibonakalisayo.Ngokufanayo, ubulukhuni be-titanium bungumngeni.Ngokomzekelo , i-micrometal iphuhlise iinkqubo zobunini kunye ne-etching chemistries kwezi zixhobo zimbini zikhethekileyo kwaye yenye yeenkampani ezimbalwa zokujonga emhlabeni kunye nezixhobo ze-titanium etching.
Dibanisa oko kunye nenyaniso yokuba i-PCE ikhawuleza ngokwemvelo, kwaye ingqiqo emva kokukhula okubonakalayo ekuthatheni iteknoloji kwiminyaka yamuva icacile.
Iinjineli zoyilo ziya ziguqukela kwi-PCE njengoko zijongene noxinzelelo lokwenza iintsimbi ezincinci, ezintsonkothileyo ezichanekileyo.
Njengalo naluphi na ukhetho lwenkqubo, abaqulunqi kufuneka baqonde iimpawu ezithile zeteknoloji ekhethiweyo yokuvelisa xa bejonga iipropati zoyilo kunye neeparitha.
Ukuguquguquka kokukrolwa kweefoto kunye neengenelo zayo ezizodwa njengobuchule bokwenziwa kwentsimbi echanekileyo buyenza ibe yinjini yoyilo loyilo kwaye inokusetyenziswa ngokwenene ukwenza iindawo ebezithathwa ngokuba zingenakwenzeka ukuba kusetyenziswe obunye ubuchwephesha bokwenziwa kwesinyithi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-26-2022