Izicelo ezilishumi zobugcisa be-laser kunyango lomphezulu

Izicelo ezilishumi zobugcisa be-laser kunyango lomphezulu

Unyango lomphezulu weLaser bubuchwephesha obusebenzisa umqadi welaser woxinaniso lwamandla aphezulu ukufudumeza umphezulu wemathiriyeli ngendlela engadibananga, kwaye iqonda ukuguqulwa komphezulu wayo ngendlela yokupholisa komphezulu wemathiriyeli ngokwayo.Kuyinzuzo ekuphuculeni i-mechanical and physical properties of the surface material, kunye nokuxhatshazwa kokugqoka, ukuxhathisa ukubola kunye nokumelana nokukhathala kwamacandelo.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, itekhnoloji yonyango lomphezulu we-laser njengokucoca i-laser, ukucima i-laser, i-laser alloying, ukomeleza ukothuka kwe-laser kunye ne-laser annealing, kunye ne-laser cladding, ushicilelo lwe-laser 3D, i-laser electroplating kunye nobunye ubuchwephesha bokwenza i-laser buye bangenisa amathemba osetyenziso olubanzi. .

unyango olungaphezulu1

1. Ukucocwa kweLaser

Ukucocwa kweLaser bubuchwephesha obuphuhla ngokukhawuleza bokucoca umphezulu, obusebenzisa i-laser ye-laser ye-high-energy pulse irradiarate umphezulu we-workpiece, ukuze ukungcola, amasuntswana okanye ukugquma kumphezulu kuphume umphunga okanye kwandiswe ngoko nangoko, ngaloo ndlela kufezekiswa inkqubo yokucoca. kunye nokuhlanjululwa.Ukucocwa kweLaser kuhlulwe ngokuyintloko ekususweni komhlwa, ukususwa kweoli, ukususwa kwepeyinti, ukususwa kwengubo kunye nezinye iinkqubo;Ikakhulu isetyenziselwa ukucocwa kwesinyithi, ukucocwa kwee-relics zenkcubeko, ukucocwa kwezakhiwo, njl. Ngokusekelwe kwimisebenzi yayo ebanzi, ukucutshungulwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokuguquguqukayo, ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla, ukukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo okuluhlaza, akukho monakalo kwi-substrate, i-intelligence, umgangatho omhle wokucoca, ukhuseleko, ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kunye nezinye iimpawu kunye neenzuzo, iye yanda kakhulu kwiinkalo zoshishino ezahlukeneyo.

Xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zokucoca zemveli ezifana nokucoca i-friction, ukucoca i-chemical corrosion, ulwelo oluqinileyo oluqinileyo lokucoca, ukucoca i-high-frequency ultrasonic, ukucocwa kwe-laser kuneenzuzo ezicacileyo.

2. Ukucima iLaser

Ukucima iLaser kusebenzisa i-laser enamandla kakhulu njengomthombo wobushushu ukwenza umphezulu wesinyithi ushushu kwaye ubanda ngokukhawuleza.Inkqubo yokucima igqityiwe ngokukhawuleza ukufumana ubunzima obuphezulu kunye ne-ultra-fine martensite isakhiwo, ukuphucula ukuqina kunye nokumelana nokugqoka kwendawo yesinyithi, kunye nokwenza uxinzelelo oluxinzelelekileyo phezu komgangatho wokuphucula ukunyamezela ukukhathala.Iinzuzo eziphambili zale nkqubo ziquka indawo encinci echaphazelekayo yokushisa, i-deformation encinci, iqondo eliphezulu lokuzenzekelayo, ukuguquguquka okulungileyo kokucinywa okukhethiweyo, ukuqina okuphezulu kweenkozo ezisulungekileyo, kunye nokukhusela okusingqongileyo okuhlakaniphile.Umzekelo, indawo ye-laser inokulungiswa ukucima nayiphi na indawo yobubanzi;Okwesibini, intloko ye-laser kunye ne-multi-axis robhothi yokunxibelelana inokucima indawo echongiweyo yeendawo ezinzima.Ngomnye umzekelo, ukucima i-laser kushushu kakhulu kwaye kuyakhawuleza, kwaye uxinzelelo lokucima kunye nokuguqulwa kuncinci.I-deformation ye-workpiece ngaphambi nasemva kokucima i-laser iphantse ingahoywa, ngoko ifaneleka ngokukodwa kunyango lwamalungu aneemfuno ezichanekileyo eziphezulu.

Okwangoku, ukucinywa kwe-laser kusetyenziswe ngempumelelo ekomelezeni umphezulu kwiindawo ezisesichengeni kwishishini lemoto, ishishini lokungunda, izixhobo zehardware kunye noshishino loomatshini, ngakumbi ekuphuculeni ubomi benkonzo yeendawo ezisesichengeni njengegiya, umphezulu weshaft, izikhokelo, imihlathi kunye noomatshini. ukungunda.Iimpawu zokucima i-laser zezi zilandelayo:

(1) Ukucima iLaser kukuzifudumeza ngokukhawuleza kunye nenkqubo yokuzipholisa yodwa, engadingi kugcinwa kobushushu beziko kunye nokucinywa kwesipholisi.Yinkqubo yonyango yobushushu obungangcolisiyo, obuluhlaza kunye nokusingqongileyo, kwaye inokuphumeza ngokulula ukucima okufanayo kumphezulu wokungunda okukhulu;

(2) Njengoko isantya sokufudumeza i-laser sikhawuleza, indawo echaphazelekayo yokushisa incinci, kunye nokucima ukufudumeza kokupholisa phezulu, oko kukuthi, ukucima ukufudumala kwendawo, ukuguqulwa kwefa eliphathwayo kuncinci kakhulu;

(3) Ngenxa ye-angle encinci ye-divergence ye-laser beam, ine-directivity efanelekileyo, kwaye inokucima ngokuchanekileyo indawo yokubumba ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yesikhokelo sokukhanya;

(4) Ubunzulu bomaleko obunzima bokucima umphezulu welaser ngokuqhelekileyo yi-0.3-1.5 mm.

3. Laser annealing

I-Laser annealing yinkqubo yonyango lobushushu esebenzisa i-laser ukufudumeza umphezulu we-material, ukuveza imathiriyeli kubushushu obuphezulu ixesha elide, emva koko uyipholise kancinci.Injongo ephambili yale nkqubo kukukhulula uxinzelelo, ukwandisa i-ductility yezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokuqina, kunye nokuvelisa i-microstructure ekhethekileyo.Ibonakaliswe ngokukwazi ukulungelelanisa isakhiwo se-matrix, ukunciphisa ubunzima, ukucokisa iinkozo kunye nokuphelisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, itekhnoloji ye-laser annealing iye yaba yinkqubo entsha kwishishini lokulungisa i-semiconductor, enokuphucula kakhulu ukuhlanganiswa kweesekethe ezidibeneyo.

4. Laser ukomeleza ukothuka

Itekhnoloji yokomeleza ukothuka kweLaser bubuchwephesha obutsha obuphezulu obusebenzisa iplasma ukothuka kwamaza okwenziwa ngumqadi oqinileyo welaser ukuphucula ukudinwa okuchasayo, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola kwezixhobo zetsimbi.Ineenzuzo ezininzi ezibalaseleyo, ezinje ngokuba akukho ndawo ichaphazeleka bubushushu, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, isantya esiphezulu soxinzelelo, ukulawulwa ngamandla kunye nefuthe elimangalisayo lokomeleza.Kwangaxeshanye, ukomeleza ukothusa kwelaser kuneempawu zoxinzelelo lwentsalela enzulu, i-microstructure engcono kunye nokuthembeka komphezulu, ukuzinza okungcono kwe-thermal kunye nobomi obude.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, le teknoloji iphumelele uphuhliso olukhawulezayo, kwaye inendima enkulu kwi-aerospace, ukhuselo lwelizwe kunye noshishino lomkhosi kunye nezinye iinkalo.Ukongeza, i-coating isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukukhusela i-workpiece ekutshisweni kwelaser kunye nokuphucula ukufunxwa kwamandla e-laser.Okwangoku, izinto zokugqoka ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziyipeyinti emnyama kunye ne-aluminium foil.

I-Laser peening (LP), ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-laser shock peening (LSP), yinkqubo esetyenziswa kwibala lobunjineli bomphezulu, oko kukuthi, ukusetyenziswa kwemiqadi yelaser enamandla amakhulu ukuvelisa uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo kwizinto zokuphucula ukuxhathisa. (ezifana nokumelana nokunxiba kunye nokumelana nokudinwa) komphezulu wemathiriyeli, okanye ukuphucula ukomelela kwamacandelo amancinci ezinto zokuphucula ubulukhuni bomphezulu bemathiriyeli.

Ngokungafaniyo nezicelo ezininzi zokusetyenzwa kwemathiriyeli, i-LSP ayisebenzisi amandla e-laser kunyango lobushushu ukufezekisa isiphumo esifunekayo, kodwa isebenzisa impembelelo ye-beam yokusetyenzwa koomatshini.I-laser beam yamandla aphezulu isetyenziselwa ukuchaphazela umphezulu wendawo yokusebenza ekujoliswe kuyo ngamandla aphezulu okubetha okufutshane.

Umtha wokukhanya uchaphazela i-workpiece yentsimbi, ufuthanise i-workpiece ibe yi-plasma ebhityileyo ngoko nangoko, kwaye ifake uxinzelelo lwamaza othusayo kwisixhobo sokusebenza.Ngamanye amaxesha umaleko obhityileyo wezinto zokugquma opaque zongezwa kwindawo yokusebenza ukuze kuthathelwe indawo ukuphuphuma kwesinyithi.Ukucinezela, ezinye izinto zokugquma ezicacileyo okanye iileya zokuphazamiseka kwe-inertial zisetyenziselwa ukubamba iplasma (ngokuqhelekileyo amanzi).

I-Plasma ivelisa umphumo wokothuka, ilungisa ngokutsha i-microstructure yomhlaba kwindawo yempembelelo, emva koko ivelise ukusabela kwekhonkco lokwandiswa kwesinyithi kunye noxinzelelo.Uxinzelelo olunzulu loxinzelelo oluveliswa yile mpendulo inokwandisa ubomi becandelo.

5. Laser alloying

I-laser alloying yitekhnoloji entsha yokuguqulwa komphezulu, enokuthi isetyenziswe ukulungiselela i-amorphous nanocrystalline i-amorphous nanocrystalline eyomeleziweyo yokwaleka komdibaniso kumphezulu wamacandelo olwakhiwo ngokweemeko ezahlukeneyo zenkonzo yezixhobo zenqwelomoya kunye neempawu zobushushu obuphezulu be-laser bobushushu kunye nesantya njengokufezekisa injongo yokuguqulwa komphezulu wezixhobo ze-aviation.Xa kuthelekiswa neteknoloji ye-laser alloying, itekhnoloji ye-laser cladding ineempawu zomlinganiselo omncinci we-dilution we-substrate kwi-pool etyhidiweyo, indawo encinci echaphazelekayo yokushisa, ukuguqulwa kwe-thermal encinci ye-workpiece kunye nesantya esincinci se-scrap se-workpiece emva konyango lwe-laser cladding.I-Laser cladding inokuphucula kakhulu iipropati zomphezulu wezinto eziphathekayo, kunye nokulungisa izinto ezigugileyo.Ineempawu zokusebenza okuphezulu, isantya esikhawulezayo, ukukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo okuluhlaza kunye nokungangcolisi, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-workpiece emva kokunyanga.

unyango lomphezulu26. Ukufakwa kweLaser

Itekhnoloji yokugquma iLaser ikwayenye yetekhnoloji entsha yokuguqulwa komphezulu omele umkhombandlela wophuhliso kunye nenqanaba lobunjineli bomphezulu.Itekhnoloji yokugquma i-laser iye yaba yindawo ephambili yophando ekuguqulweni komphezulu we-titanium alloys ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo zokungangcoliseki kunye nendibaniselwano yesinyithi phakathi kwengubo kunye ne-substrate.I-Laser i-cladding ye-ceramic ye-ceramic okanye i-particle ye-ceramic eyomeleziweyo yokwaleka kwe-composite yindlela esebenzayo yokuphucula ukumelana nokunxiba kwe-titanium alloy.Ngokweemeko zokusebenza zangempela, khetha inkqubo efanelekileyo yezinto eziphathekayo, kwaye iteknoloji ye-laser cladding inokufezekisa iimfuno zenkqubo efanelekileyo.Itekhnoloji yokugquma iLaser inokulungisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo ezingaphumeleliyo, ezinje ngeeblade ze-aeroengine.

Umahluko phakathi kwe-laser surface alloying kunye ne-laser surface cladding kukuba i-laser surface alloying kukuxuba ngokupheleleyo izinto ze-alloy ezongeziweyo kunye nomgangatho ophezulu we-substrate kwimeko yolwelo ukwenza umaleko we-alloying;I-Laser surface cladding kukunyibilikisa yonke i-precoating kunye ne-micro kunyibilika umphezulu we-substrate, ukuze umaleko wokugquma kunye ne-substrate imathiriyeli yenze indibaniselwano yesinyithi kwaye igcine ukubunjwa kwe-cladding layer ingatshintshwanga.I-laser alloying kunye ne-laser cladding itekhnoloji isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukuphucula ukumelana nokunxiba komphezulu, ukuxhathisa ukubola kunye nokumelana nomgangatho we-titanium alloys.

Okwangoku, iteknoloji ye-laser cladding isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ukulungiswa kunye nokuguqulwa kweendawo zetsimbi.Nangona kunjalo, nangona isigqubuthelo selaser yesiko sineenzuzo kunye neempawu zokusetyenzwa okuguquguqukayo, ukulungiswa okumilise okukhethekileyo, ukongezwa okuchazwa ngumsebenzisi, njl.njl., ukusebenza kakuhle kwayo kusezantsi, kwaye ayikakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemveliso ekhawulezileyo kunye nokusetyenzwa amanye amasimi emveliso.Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zemveliso yobuninzi kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokugquma, iteknoloji yokugquma ngesantya esiphezulu yelaser yabakho.

Isantya esiphezulu setekhnoloji yokugquma i-laser inokuqonda icwecwe kunye nesiphene somaleko wokugquma wasimahla.Umgangatho womgangatho we-cladding layer i-compact, i-metallurgical bonding kunye ne-substrate, akukho ziphene ezivulekileyo, kwaye umphezulu ulungile.Ayinakucutshungulwa kuphela kumzimba ojikelezayo, kodwa nakwi-plane kunye nobuso obunzima.Ngokuqhubekeka kokuphuculwa kobugcisa, obu bugcisa bunokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumalahle, isinyithi, amaqonga angaphesheya kolwandle, ukwenza iphepha, izixhobo zombane, iimoto, iinqanawa, i-petroleum, imizi-mveliso ye-aerospace, kwaye ibe yinkqubo yokuvelisa ngokutsha okunokutshintsha itekhnoloji yemveli ye-electroplating.

7. Umkrolo weLaser

Ukukrolwa kweLaser yinkqubo yokusetyenzwa kwelaser esebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-CNC ukwenza iprojekthi ye-laser ye-laser ephezulu yamandla kumphezulu wezinto eziphathekayo, kwaye isebenzisa impembelelo ye-thermal eyenziwa yilaser ukuvelisa iipateni ezicacileyo kumphezulu wezinto eziphathekayo.I-denaturation yomzimba yokunyibilika kunye ne-gasification yezinto zokucubungula phantsi kwe-irradiation ye-laser engraving inokwenza i-laser engraving ifezekise iinjongo zokucubungula.Umkrolo weLaser kukusebenzisa i-laser ukukrola amagama kwinto ethile.Amagama aqingqwe yile teknoloji ayinayo i-nicks, umphezulu wento ugudileyo kwaye usicaba, kwaye ukubhala ngesandla akuyi kunxitywa.Iimpawu zayo kunye neenzuzo ziquka: ikhuselekile kwaye inokwethenjelwa;Ukuchaneka kunye nokucokisekileyo, ukuchaneka kunokufikelela kwi-0.02mm;Gcina ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nezixhobo ngexesha lokucubungula;Isantya esiphezulu, isantya esiphezulu sokukrola ngokwemizobo yemveliso;Iindleko eziphantsi, azikhawulelwanga ngobuninzi bokucubungula, njl.

unyango olungaphezulu3

8. Laser 3D yoshicilelo

Inkqubo ithatha iteknoloji ye-laser cladding, esebenzisa i-laser ukukhupha i-powder flow flow ethuthwa ngombhobho ukunyibilikisa ngokuthe ngqo into elula okanye i-alloy powder.Emva kokuba i-laser beam ishiya, i-alloy liquid iqina ngokukhawuleza ukuqonda iprototyping ekhawulezayo ye-alloy.Okwangoku, isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwimodeli yemizi-mveliso, ukuveliswa koomatshini, i-aerospace, umkhosi, izakhiwo, ifilimu kunye nomabonwakude, izixhobo zasekhaya, imboni yokukhanya, amayeza, i-archaeology, inkcubeko kunye nobugcisa, i-sculpture, ubucwebe kunye nezinye iinkalo.

unyango lomphezulu4

9. Ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso eqhelekileyo yonyango lomphezulu we-laser kunye nokuveliswa kwakhona

Okwangoku, unyango lomphezulu we-laser kunye nobuchwepheshe bokwenza okongeziweyo, iinkqubo kunye nezixhobo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwisinyithi, oomatshini bemigodi, ukubumba, amandla epetroleum, izixhobo zehardware, ukuhamba ngololiwe, i-aerospace, oomatshini kunye namanye amashishini.

 

10. Ukusetyenziswa kweteknoloji ye-laser electroplating

I-Laser electroplating yitekhnoloji entsha ye-electroplating ye-energy high-energy, ebaluleke kakhulu kwimveliso kunye nokulungiswa kwezixhobo ze-microelectronic kunye neesekethe ezinkulu ezidibeneyo.Okwangoku, nangona umgaqo we-laser electroplating, i-laser ablation, i-plasma laser deposition kunye nejethi ye-laser isephantsi kophando, itekhnoloji yabo isetyenzisiwe.Xa i-laser eqhubekayo okanye i-laser ye-pulse ilayita indawo ye-cathode kwindawo yokuhlambela i-electroplating, kungekhona nje ukuba izinga lokubeka isinyithi lingaphuculwa kakhulu, kodwa kunye nekhompyutheni ingasetyenziselwa ukulawula umkhondo we-laser beam ukuze ufumane i-coat engakhuselekanga. ijometri entsonkothileyo elindelekileyo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-laser electroplating ekusebenzeni kusekelwe ikakhulu kwezi mpawu zimbini zilandelayo:

(1) Isantya kwindawo ye-laser irradiation iphezulu kakhulu kunesantya se-electroplating emzimbeni (malunga namaxesha angama-103);

2I-electroplating eqhelekileyo yenzeke kuyo yonke i-electrode substrate, kwaye isantya se-electroplating sicotha, ngoko kunzima ukwenza iipateni ezinzima kunye nezilungileyo.I-Laser electroplating inokulungelelanisa umqadi welaser kwisayizi yemicrometer, kwaye iqhube umkhondo ongakhuselekanga kubungakanani bemicrometer.Kuyilo lwesekethe, ukulungiswa kwesekethe kunye nokubekwa kwendawo kumacandelo onxibelelwano lwe-microelectronic, olu hlobo lwemephu yesantya esiphezulu luba lusebenza ngakumbi nangakumbi.

Xa kuthelekiswa ne-electroplating eqhelekileyo, iingenelo zayo zezi:

(1) Isantya esikhawulezayo sokubeka, esifana nelaser yegolide yokutyabeka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1 μ M/s, i-laser yobhedu yokutyabeka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10 μ M/s, ijethi yelaser yegolide etyatyekwe ukuya kuthi ga kwi-12 μ M/s, ijethi yelaser yobhedu yokutyabeka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50 μ m/s;

(2) Ukufakwa kwesinyithi kwenzeka kuphela kwindawo ye-laser irradiation, kwaye i-deposit yendawo yokubeka ingafumaneka ngaphandle kwamanyathelo okukhusela, ngaloo ndlela yenza lula inkqubo yokuvelisa;

(3) I-adhesion yokwambathisa iphuculwe kakhulu;

(4) Kulula ukuqonda ulawulo oluzenzekelayo;

(5) Gcina iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo;

(6) Gcina utyalo-mali lwezixhobo kunye nexesha lokucubungula.

Xa i-laser eqhubekayo okanye i-laser impulse irradiates i-cathode surface kwindawo yokuhlambela i-electroplating, kungekhona nje ukuba izinga lokubeka isinyithi lingaphuculwa kakhulu, kodwa kunye nekhompyutheni inokulawula umkhondo wokuhamba we-laser beam ukufumana i-coating engakhuselekanga kunye ne-complex elindelekileyo. ijometri.Itekhnoloji entsha yangoku yejethi ye-electroplating eyandisiweyo idibanisa itekhnoloji ye-laser eyandisiweyo ye-electroplating kunye nesisombululo se-electroplating sokutshiza, ukuze i-laser kunye nesisombululo sokucwenga sidubule ngaxeshanye kumphezulu we-cathode, kwaye isantya sokuhambisa ubuninzi sikhawuleza kakhulu kunesantya sokudlulisa ubuninzi. Ukuvuselela okuncinci okubangelwa yilaser irradiation, ngaloo ndlela kuzuzwe isantya esiphezulu kakhulu sokubeka.

unyango lomphezulu5

Uphuhliso lwexesha elizayo kunye nokusungula izinto ezintsha

Kwixesha elizayo, isikhokelo sophuhliso lonyango lomphezulu we-laser kunye nezixhobo zokuvelisa ezongezelelweyo zinokushwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

·Ubuchule obuphezulu – ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu, ukuhlangabezana nesingqi semveliso esikhawulezileyo soshishino lwale mihla;

·Ukusebenza okuphezulu – isixhobo sinemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, ukusebenza okuzinzile kwaye silungele iimeko zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo;

·Ubukrelekrele obuphezulu – umgangatho wobukrelekrele usoloko uphucuka, kungekho ncedo luncinci lwezandla;

·Ixabiso eliphantsi – iindleko zesixhobo ziyalawuleka, kwaye neendleko zokusebenzisa ziyathotywa;

·Ukwenza ngokwezifiso-ukwenza isixhobo somntu siqu, inkonzo echanekileyo emva kokuthengisa,

·Kwaye ukudibanisa – ukudibanisa itekhnoloji yelaser kunye neteknoloji yokusetyenzwa kwemveli.


Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-17-2022

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